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Al-Ahram Weekly On-line 5 - 11 November 1998 Issue No.402
by Dr Salman Abu Sitta
Who says Oslo is dead? The final status negotiations are well
underway. Although it is only a dry-run for the real thing,
carried out by a group of academics and aspiring politicians, it
is a realistic blueprint of the future as the most sympathetic
and 'moderate' Israelis would like to see it. Absent from the
picture, however, is the weight of the majority of the
Palestinians whose fate is being discussed in closed rooms --
namely, the refugees.
According to Ha'aretz ('Inching up a treacherous slope', 9
September 1998), a group of Israelis and Palestinians under the
auspices of Harvard University's International Affairs Centre,
has produced a 'compromise' report for the 'final solution' of
the refugee problem (the quotation marks are not explicit, but
intended).
The Israeli group is known to favour peaceful settlement with
the Palestinians. Some of them have held official positions, all
of them have an influence on Israeli public opinion and
decision-makers. So far, so good. The 'compromise', therefore,
should be the best that can be hoped for from the Israeli side.
What is this compromise? Israel agrees to share the practical
(though not moral or legal) responsibility for Al-Nakba of 1948,
and is prepared to admit some families under the 'Shaml'
programme, with some compensation to others to be offset by
compensation to Jews from Arab countries. In return, the
Palestinians would forfeit their right of return to their homes.
Only those lucky enough to be selected by the Israelis can go
back to the West Bank and Gaza.
The report's principal co-authors are Joseph Alpher and Khalil
Shikaki. Alpher is an American-Israeli who was a Mossad officer
for over a decade, chasing figures of the Resistance Movement,
before becoming a director of the Jaffee Centre for Strategic
Studies. He is now a director of the American Jewish Committee
in Israel. Shikaki is a Nablus academic and leading pollster. He
is a refugee from Zarnuga and his family is exiled in Rafah
refugee camp where his father Ibrahim and brother Abdul-Aziz
still live. He took a different political course from his eldest
brother, Fathi, who was murdered by the Israeli Mossad in Malta
in 1995.
The report, or at least the Israeli portion of it, is based on
the assumption that Palestinians do not belong to the land of
Palestine, hence they have no 'right of return' to it. They are
not a people, so they can be stowed away in different countries.
Their plight is simply a humanitarian issue to which all
countries, including Israel, should contribute. The report is
far too sophisticated to say this bluntly, but every direction
it takes leads to this conclusion.
Moreover, it says that Russians, Ethiopians, Poles and Moroccans
have the 'right' to return to Israel unconditionally if they are
Jews, and they should be paid compensation by the Palestinians,
among others, if they left their homes in Arab countries to
settle in Palestine.
So the message to the five million refugees who were expelled
from 530 localities and whose land constitutes 92 per cent of
the present state of Israel is, "sorry for everything that
happened in 1948 -- that's all". The weight of human rights, UN
resolutions and, above all, the dogged determination of the
Palestinians, squeezes out nothing more than a hollow
half-hearted apology.
The report generously accepts the return of "tens of thousands"
of refugees under a family reunification programme, but it
neglects to mention that this is only a fraction of the three
quarters of a million who were waiting to regain their homes
when Israel promised in 1949 to allow the return of 100,000 as a
price of admission to the UN -- a promise that was never
honoured.
How many refugees are allowed to return to the West Bank and
Gaza (whose borders are left undefined in the report) should be
regulated by the remaining territory's absorptive capacity and
Israel's acquiescence. Those familiar with the present
difficulty of getting a Palestinian ID will know that "return"
on these conditions is a misnomer. According to a 1996 study by
K McCarthy of Rand Corporation, the absorptive capacity of the
West Bank, not to mention Gaza, is far too low to sanction the
admission of any appreciable number of refugees. Note, moreover,
that these refugees are not actually going to be allowed to
return home, but merely to change their camp address to
Palestine. Present conditions are, of course, much worse than
those that obtained before. Thus on both counts, the absorptive
capacity and Israeli acquiescence, this 'compromise' is rendered
useless.
But the most blatant aspect of the Israeli position is the
linkage of compensation for Palestinians to that of compensation
for Jews. The report neglects to mention the fact that the
Palestinians are entitled to both return and compensation.
Careful studies put their total legitimate claims at US$511
billion, excluding homes and land. These are not for sale. The
refugees are determined to recover their property. It is beyond
comprehension that the report ignores these facts, even as Jews,
thanks to the pressure tactics of the World Jewish Restitution
Organisation, are seeing their former property in Europe
restored to them without the benefit of a single UN resolution.
The linkage of Palestinian claims with compensation for Jews who
left Arab countries is irrelevant for three reasons. First, this
Jewish immigration to Israel took place after the expulsion of
the Palestinians, and as a result of it. Those Jews are
beneficiaries of Palestinian property and they should be paying
compensation, not receiving it. Second, any Jewish claims should
be addressed to the countries which they left voluntarily. They
should apply to those countries to recover their property and
citizenship. This matter is of no concern to the Palestinians.
Third, there is no UN resolution or international consensus to
support this Jewish claim. The fact of the matter is that the
Jewish claim, exaggerated as it is, is simply designed to thwart
the legitimate claims of the Palestinians.
The proposal to settle Palestinian refugees in other countries
is as old and as persistent as the Transfer Plan advocated by
Herzl, which became an integral part of hard-core Zionist
doctrine. Last year, a new Transfer Plan, proposed by Donna Arzt
under the umbrella of the American Council on Foreign Relations
was flatly rejected by the Gulf countries. A cursory examination
of the events of the last 50 years shows clearly that such
settlement schemes are doomed to failure.
The Palestinians are willing, the report says, to accept that
the return of the refugees en masse is not feasible. The
boundaries are lost and the country is full of immigrants. If
this is not an echo of the Israeli position, it is grossly
misinformed. Every single donum in Palestine is traceable. If it
took Jarvis, the land expert of the UN Conciliation Commission,
eight years to produce half a million records from the land
owners registry in 1964, it will now take the Israel Land
Administration (ILA) only a few minutes to retrieve any
information from its computer database. After all, ILA rents
Palestinian land to the bankrupt Kibbutz. As for the overcrowded
country, the report failed to mention that only about 170,000
Kibbutz farmers control 17,000,000 donums of Palestinian land,
wasting precious water and with very little to show for it.
The report never mentions that Jewish immigration is a threat to
the stability of the region -- indeed a cause of war -- or a
strain on its limited resources, especially water. It never
questions the racist nature of the Jewish Law of Return. It
never shows any recognition of the anomaly between the refusal
of the Palestinians' right to return home and unlimited access
for new immigrants to these same homes.
The sad thing about the report is that it is intended to be the
best that could be proposed by the most sympathetic Israelis.
Israelis, it seems, are still the victims of the myths they have
created and which they expect the Palestinians to believe. For a
better future for both peoples, they should look outside their
own cloistered world and recognise -- indeed address -- the
injustice they inflicted upon the Palestinians. Ha'aretz
described finding a solution to the refugee problem as being
like climbing Mount Everest. It seems the Israelis will have to
climb a lot more before they are in a position to see the new
sun rise.
* The writer is a former member of the Palestine National
Council , with a number of studies on the question of
Palestinian refugees.
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